Full reference: J. A. Clarke, E. B. Olivero, and P. Puerta. 2003. Decription of the earliest fossil penguin from South America, and first Paleogene vertebrate locality of Teirra del Fuego, Argentina. American Museum Novitates 3423:1-18
Parent taxon: Aves according to J. A. Clarke et al. 2003
Sister taxa: Accipitriformes, Aegotheliformes, Aletornis, Avimimiformes, Avipedidae, Callaeidae, Chaoyangornithidae, Charadriiformes, Colymbiformes, Emeidae, Eoaves, Eremopezidae, Gansuiformes, Gastornithiformes, Hwangsanipes, Ignotornidae, Jeholornithiformes, Jindongornipodidae, Koreanornipodidae, Liaoxiornithidae, Manu, Meliphagidae, Metornithes, Monarchidae, Mystiornithiformes, Neornithes, Odontornithes, Omnivoropterygiformes, Ornithothoraces, Ornithurae, Palaeoaves, Pangalliformes, Petroicidae, Proornis, Protoaviformes, Pygostylia, Rahona, Sapeornithiformes, Shandongornipodidae, Sphenisciformes, Stereornithes, Struthiones, Tatarornipes, Trisauropodiscidae, Tshulia, Tubinares, Turnagridae, Uhangrichnus, Zhongjianornis, Zhongornis
Subtaxa: none
Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore