Borsuka Cave (Layer VI)
Basic information
Sample name: Borsuka Cave (Layer VI)
Reference: J. Wilczynski, B. Miekina, G. Lipecki, L. Lougas, A. Marciszak, B. Rzebik-Kowalska, E. Stworzewicz, Z. Szyndlar, and K. Wertz. 2012. Faunal remains from Borsuka Cave - an example of local climate variability during Late Pleistocene in southern Poland. Acta zoologica cracoviensia 55(2):131-155 [ER 3087]
Geography
Country: Poland
Coordinate: 50° 10' 54" N, 20° 42' 12" E
Latlng basis: stated in text
Time interval: Late Pleistocene
Section: 3087
Unit number: 3
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.02735
Min Ma: 0.02643
Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)
Geography comments: "Borsuka Cave is located about 20 km west of Kraków, in the Kraków Valleys Landscape Park".
There are radiocarbon dates of 26, 430 ± 180 BP on "a reindeer metatarsus" and 27, 350 ± 450 BP on "a European elk tooth pendant" from Layer VI.
There are radiocarbon dates of 26, 430 ± 180 BP on "a reindeer metatarsus" and 27, 350 ± 450 BP on "a European elk tooth pendant" from Layer VI.
Environment
Lithology: claystone
Taphonomic context: cave, human accumulation
Archaeology: burials, ceramics, stone tools, other artifacts
Habitat comments: "Layer VI conatined sharp-edged unweathered limestone rubble filled clay material of greyish-yellow colour" with "human remains accompanied with numerous personal ornaments made of teeth of large ungulates".
"During the excavations, six human deciduous teeth were discovered. They occurred west of the concentration of pendants, and are the only human remains discovered at the site. Although no traces of a burial pit were encountered, the character of the discovered assemblage suggests that this was an intentional burial of a child".
"During the excavations, six human deciduous teeth were discovered. They occurred west of the concentration of pendants, and are the only human remains discovered at the site. Although no traces of a burial pit were encountered, the character of the discovered assemblage suggests that this was an intentional burial of a child".
Methods
Life forms: carnivores, primates, rodents, ungulates, other small mammals, birds, frogs, fishes, snails
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 1654 specimens
Years: 2008 - 2010
Net or trap nights: 0
Basal area status: not applicable
Sampling comments: "A trench of 4 x 3 m was situated next to the visible cave entrance and oriented with its longer side along the north-south axis. It covered a ditch of modern times, with dimensions of c. 120 x 120 cm and a depth of approximately 80 cm. In total, the excavation reached a depth of 2.5 m over an area of 12 m2".
Mammuthus primigenius specimens found during initial exploration of the cave may derive from this layer.
Mammuthus primigenius specimens found during initial exploration of the cave may derive from this layer.
Metadata
Sample no: 3365
Contributor no: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2019-08-26 22:04:49
Modified: 2023-04-29 00:46:26
Abundance distribution
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts. Values are logged.
Statistics
57 species
19 singletons
total count 1654
geometric series index: 109.5
Fisher's α: 11.445
geometric series k: 0.902
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.8966
Shannon's H: 2.6619
Good's u: 0.9885
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