Ulucak Höyük (Level V)
Basic information
Sample name: Ulucak Höyük (Level V)
Reference: C. Cakirlar. 2012. The evolution of animal husbandry in Neolithic central-west Anatolia: the zooarchaeological record from Ulucak Höyük (c. 7040-5660 cal. BC, Izmir, Turkey). Anatolian Studies 62:1-33 [ER 3762]
Geography
Country: Turkey
State: İzmir
Coordinate: 38° 28' 0" N, 27° 21' 7" E
Latlng basis: estimated from map
Time interval: Holocene
Section: 3762
Unit number: 2
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.00855
Min Ma: 0.008
Age basis: radiocarbon (calibrated)
Geography comments: "Ulucak Höyük is situated 9 km east of the İzmir Bay on the western end of the Kemalpaşa Plain, 221 m asl near the Belkahve Pass, in western Anatolia, Turkey".
Radiocarbon dates place Level V to c. 6600-6050 cal. BC (at the two sigma range).
Radiocarbon dates place Level V to c. 6600-6050 cal. BC (at the two sigma range).
Environment
Lithology: not described
Taphonomic context: human accumulation, settlement
Archaeology: bone tools, buildings, ceramics, hearths, stone tools, other artifacts, other structures
Habitat comments: "The Neolithic mound of Ulucak Höyük covers a surface area of three hectares and consists of a long, seemingly uninterrupted occupational sequence".
"Level V is marked by the appearance of pottery at Ulucak, along with rectangular wattle and daub houses. An exception to the architectural styles of Level V is a partially-recovered building with massive stone foundations in Level Vd. Many objects were found inside the buildings. These include ovens, hearths, platforms, grain storage areas, pottery, stone tools, bench weights, and grinding tools. Other objects such as figurines and anthropomorphic vessels were also found".
"Level V is marked by the appearance of pottery at Ulucak, along with rectangular wattle and daub houses. An exception to the architectural styles of Level V is a partially-recovered building with massive stone foundations in Level Vd. Many objects were found inside the buildings. These include ovens, hearths, platforms, grain storage areas, pottery, stone tools, bench weights, and grinding tools. Other objects such as figurines and anthropomorphic vessels were also found".
Methods
Life forms: carnivores, ungulates, other small mammals, birds, turtles
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 2189 specimens
Years: 1995 -
Net or trap nights: 0
Basal area status: not applicable
Sampling comments: "Systematic excavations in the mound started in 1995. The majority of Ulucak’s faunal assemblage has been recovered through hand-collecting techniques. A considerable portion of the archaeological deposits has been wet sieved since 2009, although analysis of the sieved material is ongoing". The counts below pertain to the hand collected specimens only.
Metadata
Sample no: 4023
Contributor no: Benjamin Carter
Enterer: Benjamin Carter
Created: 2022-10-20 13:45:13
Modified: 2023-05-30 02:26:03
Abundance distribution
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts. Values are logged.
Statistics
14 species
2 singletons
total count 2189
geometric series index: 17.9
Fisher's α: 2.0
geometric series k: 0.5963
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7105
Shannon's H: 1.5235
Good's u: 0.9991
Register
| Bos taurus (cow) | 785 | |
| also 3 Bos sp. "cattle/aurochs" | ||
| Ovis aries (sheep) | 236 | |
| also 2463 Caprinae indet. | ||
| Capra aegagrus hircus (wild goat) | 116 | |
| includes 14 wild goat | ||
| Sus scrofa domesticus (pig) | 829 | |
| includes 13 wild boar | ||
| Canis lupus familiaris (gray wolf) | 11 | 43.0 kg |
| Dama dama (European fallow deer) | 92 | |
| Cervus elaphus (red deer) | 3 | |
| also 16 Cervini indet. "fallow/red deer" | ||
| Capreolus capreolus (roe deer) | 23 | |
| Panthera pardus (leopard) | 1 | |
| Vulpes vulpes (red fox) | 6 | |
| also 7 Caninae indet. "dog/red fox" | ||
| Meles meles (European badger) | 1 | 11.0 kg |
| Lepus europaeus | 66 | 3.4 kg |
| Testudinidae indet. | 3 | |
| most likely Testudo graeca | ||
| Aves indet. | 17 | |