Borsuka Cave (Layer II)
Basic information
Sample name: Borsuka Cave (Layer II)
Reference: J. Wilczynski, B. Miekina, G. Lipecki, L. Lougas, A. Marciszak, B. Rzebik-Kowalska, E. Stworzewicz, Z. Szyndlar, and K. Wertz. 2012. Faunal remains from Borsuka Cave - an example of local climate variability during Late Pleistocene in southern Poland. Acta zoologica cracoviensia 55(2):131-155 [ER 3087]
Geography
Country: Poland
Coordinate: 50° 10' 54" N, 20° 42' 12" E
Latlng basis: stated in text
Time interval: Holocene
Section: 3087
Unit number: 1
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.004
Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)
Geography comments: "Borsuka Cave is located about 20 km west of Kraków, in the Kraków Valleys Landscape Park".
There are no direct dates for Layer II, although the underlying Layer III has been dated to around 4000 BP.
There are no direct dates for Layer II, although the underlying Layer III has been dated to around 4000 BP.
Environment
Lithology: not described
Taphonomic context: cave, human accumulation
Archaeology: ceramics, stone tools
Habitat comments: "Layer II is a humus deposit of black-dark brown colour, 20 cm thick, constituting a ceiling part of the actual stratigraphic sequence. A total of 123 fragments of vessel pottery were obtained from this layer. The oldest remains of clay vessels refer to exploitation of the cave in the Early Bronze Age".
Methods
Life forms: carnivores, rodents, ungulates, other small mammals, birds, snakes, frogs
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 175 specimens
Years: 2008 - 2010
Net or trap nights: 0
Basal area status: not applicable
Sampling comments: "A trench of 4 x 3 m was situated next to the visible cave entrance and oriented with its longer side along the north-south axis. It covered a ditch of modern times, with dimensions of c. 120 x 120 cm and a depth of approximately 80 cm. In total, the excavation reached a depth of 2.5 m over an area of 12 m2".
Metadata
Sample no: 4076
Contributor no: Benjamin Carter
Enterer: Benjamin Carter
Created: 2023-02-20 16:11:36
Modified: 2023-04-29 00:46:31
Abundance distribution
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts. Values are logged.
Statistics
26 species
11 singletons
total count 175
geometric series index: 61.8
Fisher's α: 8.447
geometric series k: 0.8409
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7809
Shannon's H: 2.2138
Good's u: 0.9375
Register
| Bufo sp. | 2 | |
| Zamenis longissimus | 2 | |
| Anser albifrons | 1 | 52.0 g |
| Anser anser domesticus | 1 | |
| "Anser anser forma domestica"; also 1 Anser sp. | ||
| Anas platyrhynchos | 1 | 35.3 g |
| also 1 Anseriformes indet. | ||
| Lyrurus tetrix | 2 | 1.3 kg |
| "Tetrao tetrix" | ||
| Tetrastes bonasia | 1 | 429.0 g |
| "Bonasa bonasia" | ||
| Perdix perdix | 1 | 418.0 g |
| Gallus gallus domesticus | 9 | |
| "Gallus gallus forma domestica" | ||
| Crex crex | 3 | 169.0 g |
| Scolopax rusticola | 1 | 17.5 g |
| Columba sp. | 1 | |
| also 4 Aves indet. | ||
| Vulpes vulpes (red fox) | 76 | |
| Meles meles (European badger) | 11 | 11.0 kg |
| Felis silvestris (European wildcat) | 1 | 4.5 kg |
| Caprinae indet. | 8 | |
| "Capra/Ovis" | ||
| Bos taurus (cow) | 3 | |
| Sciurus vulgaris | 1 | 311.0 g |
| Cricetus cricetus | 2 | |
| Arvicola amphibius | 11 | |
| "Arvicola terrestris" | ||
| Microtus subterraneus | 1 | |
| Microtus sp. | 16 | |
| arvalis or agrestis | ||
| Alexandromys oeconomus | 2 | |
| "Microtus oeconomus" | ||
| Apodemus sp. | 3 | |
| sylvaticus or flavicollis | ||
| Glis glis | 1 | |
| Lepus sp. | 14 | |