Bolomor Cave (Level XVIIc)
Basic information
Sample name: Bolomor Cave (Level XVIIc)
Reference: R. Blasco and J. F. Peris. 2012. A uniquely broad spectrum diet during the Middle Pleistocene at Bolomor Cave (Valencia, Spain). Quaternary International 252:16-31 [ER 3896]
Geography
Country: Spain
State: Valencia
County: Valencia
Coordinate: 39.072926° N, -0.269804° W
Latlng basis: estimated from map
Time interval: Middle Pleistocene
Section: Bolomor Cave
Unit number: 17
Unit order: above to below
Ma: 0.525
Age basis: other
Geography comments: Bolomor Cave is situated on the "southern slope of the Valldigna valley, approximately 2 km southeast of the town of Tavernes"
The coordinates entered are based on Tavernes de la Valldigna as that was the closest possible estimate
"The karst deposit of Bolomor Cave has been dated by Amino Acid Racemization (AR) and Thermoluminescence (TL) to between MIS 9 and MIS 5"
Level XVII has been dated to 0.525 Ma +/- 0.125 Ma using "Amino Acid Racemization"
The coordinates entered are based on Tavernes de la Valldigna as that was the closest possible estimate
"The karst deposit of Bolomor Cave has been dated by Amino Acid Racemization (AR) and Thermoluminescence (TL) to between MIS 9 and MIS 5"
Level XVII has been dated to 0.525 Ma +/- 0.125 Ma using "Amino Acid Racemization"
Environment
Lithology: siliciclastic (mixed)
Taphonomic context: cave, carnivore accumulation, human accumulation
Habitat comments: "Bolomor cave is a karst cavity opened to the exterior approximately 500 ka, as a consequence of the erosion of the ravine where is placed"
"The sedimentary sequence of Bolomor Cave consists mainly of allochthonous material of colluvial origin. In addition to these deposits, there are other autochthonous sediments of gravitational origin from the roof subsidence, due to tectonics or weathering processes."
Level XVII is divided into three morphological and sedimentological sub-levels (XVIIa, XVIIb, XVIIc)
Level XVIIc is the most ancient level at Bolomor Cave
Anthropogenic cut marks are observed mainly on the long bones of medium-large animals but also appear on lagomorphs, as well as on two Aves bones
Carnivore damage is present on 29 ungulate remains
"The human consumption of small prey seems to be habitual among hominids that inhabited Bolomor Cave from the earliest moments. Therefore, it is possible to support a certain anthropic recurrence to these animals throughout the sedimentary sequence"
"The sedimentary sequence of Bolomor Cave consists mainly of allochthonous material of colluvial origin. In addition to these deposits, there are other autochthonous sediments of gravitational origin from the roof subsidence, due to tectonics or weathering processes."
Level XVII is divided into three morphological and sedimentological sub-levels (XVIIa, XVIIb, XVIIc)
Level XVIIc is the most ancient level at Bolomor Cave
Anthropogenic cut marks are observed mainly on the long bones of medium-large animals but also appear on lagomorphs, as well as on two Aves bones
Carnivore damage is present on 29 ungulate remains
"The human consumption of small prey seems to be habitual among hominids that inhabited Bolomor Cave from the earliest moments. Therefore, it is possible to support a certain anthropic recurrence to these animals throughout the sedimentary sequence"
Methods
Life forms: ungulates, other small mammals, birds
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 732 specimens
Years: 1991, 1996
Net or trap nights: 0
Basal area status: not applicable
Sampling comments: 732 of the 1307 remains found at Level XVIIc were identified to the species level
12 species of large and small animals were found
12 species of large and small animals were found
Metadata
Sample no: 4278
Contributor no: Jack Nesbitt
Enterer: Jack Nesbitt
Modifier no: John Alroy
Created: 2023-05-22 15:39:03
Modified: 2024-12-10 04:55:36
Abundance distribution
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts. Values are logged.
Statistics
12 species
1 singleton
total count 732
geometric series index: 14.7
Fisher's α: 2.039
geometric series k: 0.6103
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.569
Shannon's H: 1.2867
Good's u: 0.9986
Register
| †Palaeoloxodon antiquus (elephant) | 2 | |
| "Paleoloxodon antiquus" | ||
| †Stephanorhinus hemitoechus (narrow-nosed rhinoceros) | 1 | |
| Equus ferus (wild horse) | 56 | |
| †Megaloceros giganteus (Irish elk) | 8 | |
| Dama sp. | 13 | |
| Cervus elaphus (red deer) | 132 | |
| †Bos primigenius (aurochs) | 22 | |
| †Hemitragus bonali (tahr) | 6 | |
| "Hemitragis bonali" | ||
| Oryctolagus cuniculus | 457 | 2.5 kg |
| Passeriformes indet. | 9 | |
| "Passeriforme" | ||
| Phasianidae indet. | 10 | |
| Anas sp. | 16 | |