Bolomor Cave (Level XII)
Basic information
Sample name: Bolomor Cave (Level XII)
Reference: R. Blasco and J. F. Peris. 2012. A uniquely broad spectrum diet during the Middle Pleistocene at Bolomor Cave (Valencia, Spain). Quaternary International 252:16-31 [ER 3896]
Geography
Country: Spain
State: Valencia
County: Valencia
Coordinate: 39.072926° N, -0.269804° W
Latlng basis: estimated from map
Time interval: Middle Pleistocene
Section: Bolomor Cave
Unit number: 12
Unit order: above to below
Ma: 0.152
Age basis: other
Geography comments: Bolomor Cave is situated on the "southern slope of the Valldigna valley, approximately 2 km southeast of the town of Tavernes"
The coordinates entered are based on Tavernes de la Valldigna as that was the closest possible estimate
"The karst deposit of Bolomor Cave has been dated by Amino Acid Racemization (AR) and Thermoluminescence (TL) to between MIS 9 and MIS 5"
Level XII has been dated to 0.152 Ma +/- 0.023 Ma
The coordinates entered are based on Tavernes de la Valldigna as that was the closest possible estimate
"The karst deposit of Bolomor Cave has been dated by Amino Acid Racemization (AR) and Thermoluminescence (TL) to between MIS 9 and MIS 5"
Level XII has been dated to 0.152 Ma +/- 0.023 Ma
Environment
Lithology: siliciclastic (mixed)
Taphonomic context: cave, carnivore accumulation, human accumulation
Habitat comments: "Bolomor cave is a karst cavity opened to the exterior approximately 500 ka, as a consequence of the erosion of the ravine where is placed"
"The sedimentary sequence of Bolomor Cave consists mainly of allochthonous material of colluvial origin. In addition to these deposits, there are other autochthonous sediments of gravitational origin from the roof subsidence, due to tectonics or weathering processes."
"Cutmarks are found on 12.18% of bone remains" largely on the long bones of medium-large-sized animals, as well as various Aves
Carnivore marks were identified on medium-large-sized animals, however, the incidence of activity is low (3% of analyzed remains)
"The sedimentary sequence of Bolomor Cave consists mainly of allochthonous material of colluvial origin. In addition to these deposits, there are other autochthonous sediments of gravitational origin from the roof subsidence, due to tectonics or weathering processes."
"Cutmarks are found on 12.18% of bone remains" largely on the long bones of medium-large-sized animals, as well as various Aves
Carnivore marks were identified on medium-large-sized animals, however, the incidence of activity is low (3% of analyzed remains)
Methods
Life forms: carnivores, primates, rodents, ungulates, other small mammals, birds
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 741 specimens
Net or trap nights: 0
Basal area status: not applicable
Sampling comments: Level XII includes faunal remains from excavations between 2000 and 2005
741 of the 2101 faunal remains from Level XII have been identified taxonomically
741 of the 2101 faunal remains from Level XII have been identified taxonomically
Metadata
Sample no: 4279
Contributor no: Jack Nesbitt
Enterer: Jack Nesbitt
Modifier no: John Alroy
Created: 2023-05-22 16:27:27
Modified: 2024-12-10 04:56:04
Abundance distribution
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts. Values are logged.
Statistics
16 species
3 singletons
total count 741
geometric series index: 23.2
Fisher's α: 2.881
geometric series k: 0.6801
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7203
Shannon's H: 1.6174
Good's u: 0.996
Register
| Macaca sylvanus (Barbary macaque) | 2 | |
| "Macaca sylvana" | ||
| Lynx pardinus (Iberian lynx) | 1 | |
| "Lynx pardina" | ||
| Castor fiber | 2 | |
| †Palaeoloxodon antiquus (elephant) | 1 | |
| "Paleoloxodon antiquus" | ||
| †Stephanorhinus hemitoechus (narrow-nosed rhinoceros) | 6 | |
| Equus ferus (wild horse) | 165 | |
| †Megaloceros giganteus (Irish elk) | 5 | |
| Dama sp. | 17 | |
| Cervus elaphus (red deer) | 325 | |
| †Bos primigenius (aurochs) | 35 | |
| †Hemitragus bonali (tahr) | 4 | |
| "Hemitragis bonali" | ||
| Oryctolagus cuniculus | 135 | 2.5 kg |
| Passeriformes indet. | 13 | |
| "Passeriforme" | ||
| Galliformes indet. | 8 | |
| Anas sp. | 21 | |
| Cygnus olor | 1 | 12.0 kg |