Bolomor Cave (Level IV)
Basic information
Sample name: Bolomor Cave (Level IV)
Reference: R. Blasco and J. F. Peris. 2012. A uniquely broad spectrum diet during the Middle Pleistocene at Bolomor Cave (Valencia, Spain). Quaternary International 252:16-31 [ER 3896]
Geography
Country: Spain
State: Valencia
County: Valencia
Coordinate: 39.072926° N, -0.269804° W
Latlng basis: estimated from map
Time interval: Middle Pleistocene
Section: Bolomor Cave
Unit number: 4
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.152
Min Ma: 0.121
Age basis: other
Geography comments: Bolomor Cave is situated on the "southern slope of the Valldigna valley, approximately 2 km southeast of the town of Tavernes"
The coordinates entered are based on Tavernes de la Valldigna as that was the closest possible estimate
"The karst deposit of Bolomor Cave has been dated by Amino Acid Racemization (AR) and Thermoluminescence (TL) to between MIS 9 and MIS 5"
No specific date is provided for Level IV though it is situated multiple layers above Level XII which is dated to 0.152 Ma +/- 0.023 Ma and two layers below Level II which is dated to 0.121 Ma +/- 0.018
The coordinates entered are based on Tavernes de la Valldigna as that was the closest possible estimate
"The karst deposit of Bolomor Cave has been dated by Amino Acid Racemization (AR) and Thermoluminescence (TL) to between MIS 9 and MIS 5"
No specific date is provided for Level IV though it is situated multiple layers above Level XII which is dated to 0.152 Ma +/- 0.023 Ma and two layers below Level II which is dated to 0.121 Ma +/- 0.018
Environment
Lithology: siliciclastic (mixed)
Taphonomic context: cave, carnivore accumulation, human accumulation
Habitat comments: "Bolomor cave is a karst cavity opened to the exterior approximately 500 ka, as a consequence of the erosion of the ravine where is placed"
"The sedimentary sequence of Bolomor Cave consists mainly of allochthonous material of colluvial origin. In addition to these deposits, there are other autochthonous sediments of gravitational origin from the roof subsidence, due to tectonics or weathering processes."
Cut marks are identified on 7.18% of bone remains mainly on the limb bones of medium and large-sized taxa, as well as birds, tortoises, and O. cuniculus
Evidence of burning was found on 61.54% of remains at Level IV mostly on lagomorphs and tortoises
"The sedimentary sequence of Bolomor Cave consists mainly of allochthonous material of colluvial origin. In addition to these deposits, there are other autochthonous sediments of gravitational origin from the roof subsidence, due to tectonics or weathering processes."
Cut marks are identified on 7.18% of bone remains mainly on the limb bones of medium and large-sized taxa, as well as birds, tortoises, and O. cuniculus
Evidence of burning was found on 61.54% of remains at Level IV mostly on lagomorphs and tortoises
Methods
Life forms: carnivores, primates, ungulates, other small mammals, birds, turtles, frogs, fishes
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 2778 specimens
Net or trap nights: 0
Basal area status: not applicable
Sampling comments: Excavated between 1991-1998 and 2005
2864 of the 25323 remains found at Level IV were taxonomically identified
30 taxa were identified at Level IV
Counts excluded:
Carnivora indet. - 5
Aves indet. - 17
Passeriformes - 25
Corvidae - 20
Galliformes - 19
2864 of the 25323 remains found at Level IV were taxonomically identified
30 taxa were identified at Level IV
Counts excluded:
Carnivora indet. - 5
Aves indet. - 17
Passeriformes - 25
Corvidae - 20
Galliformes - 19
Metadata
Sample no: 4280
Contributor no: Jack Nesbitt
Enterer: Jack Nesbitt
Modifier no: John Alroy
Created: 2023-05-23 11:57:04
Modified: 2024-12-10 04:55:11
Abundance distribution
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts. Values are logged.
Statistics
25 species
3 singletons
total count 2778
geometric series index: 33.4
Fisher's α: 3.789
geometric series k: 0.7573
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.8173
Shannon's H: 2.04
Good's u: 0.9989
Register
| Macaca sylvanus (Barbary macaque) | 1 | |
| "Macaca sylvana" | ||
| Ursus arctos (brown bear) | 1 | |
| Canis lupus (gray wolf) | 2 | 43.0 kg |
| Vulpes vulpes (red fox) | 2 | |
| Panthera sp. | 3 | |
| "Panthera leo": no details are given, so it is unclear whether this might be Panthera spelaea | ||
| Lynx pardinus (Iberian lynx) | 2 | |
| "Lynx pardina" | ||
| †Palaeoloxodon antiquus (elephant) | 4 | |
| "Paleoloxodon antiquus" | ||
| Equus ferus (wild horse) | 65 | |
| Equus hemionus hydruntinus (onager) | 16 | |
| "Equus hydruntinus" | ||
| Hippopotamus amphibius (hippopotamus) | 46 | 1107.0 kg |
| Sus scrofa (pig) | 115 | |
| Dama sp. | 91 | |
| Cervus elaphus (red deer) | 647 | |
| †Bos primigenius (aurochs) | 213 | |
| †Hemitragus cedrensis (tahr) | 121 | |
| Oryctolagus cuniculus | 789 | 2.5 kg |
| Pyrrhocorax sp. | 6 | |
| "Phyrrocorax sp." | ||
| Phasianidae indet. | 24 | |
| Columba sp. | 34 | |
| Anas sp. | 29 | |
| Aythya sp. | 34 | |
| Strigidae indet. | 1 | |
| Testudo hermanni | 526 | |
| Bufo sp. | 4 | |
| Salmonidae indet. | 2 | |