Ambrona (AS1)
Basic information
Sample name: Ambrona (AS1)
Reference: E. Soto, C. Sesé, A. Pérez-González, and M. Santonja. 2001. Mammal fauna with Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus from the lower levels of Ambrona (Soria, Spain). The World of Elephants - International Congress, Rome 2001 x:607-610 [ER 3968]
Geography
Country: Spain
State: Soria
Coordinate: 41° 10' 36" N, 2° 30' 55" W
Latlng basis: stated in text
Time interval: Middle Pleistocene
Max Ma: 0.424
Min Ma: 0.374
Age basis: other
Geography comments: "in the Masegar (also called Arroyo de la Mentirosa) river valley"
SE of Ambrona based on map of Sánchez-Romero et al. (2016)
coordinate given by Wikipedia
AS1 is the lowest stratigraphic interval
the fauna is "of a typical or advanced Middle Pleistocene"
the "Lower Unit" including AS1 was deposited "probably during MIS 11" apparently based on ESR/U-series data from somewhere in the section (Sánchez-Romero et al. 2016)
age is for MIS 11 and is from Wikipedia
SE of Ambrona based on map of Sánchez-Romero et al. (2016)
coordinate given by Wikipedia
AS1 is the lowest stratigraphic interval
the fauna is "of a typical or advanced Middle Pleistocene"
the "Lower Unit" including AS1 was deposited "probably during MIS 11" apparently based on ESR/U-series data from somewhere in the section (Sánchez-Romero et al. 2016)
age is for MIS 11 and is from Wikipedia
Environment
Lithology: siliciclastic (mixed)
Taphonomic context: fluvial deposit, human accumulation
Habitat comments: "an archaeological settlement with plenty of elephant remains interpreted classically as a kill and butchering site" but "We propose that Ambrona is an elephant natural burial site, many remains have been transported while others remained in situ... Nevertheless, some of the animal remains appear to have been butchered or scavenged by man"
AS1 consists of "sands and gravels, fluvial environment" (Sánchez-Romero et al. 2016)
lithics may or may not be present at this level
AS1 consists of "sands and gravels, fluvial environment" (Sánchez-Romero et al. 2016)
lithics may or may not be present at this level
Methods
Life forms: ungulates
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 132 specimens
Net or trap nights: 0
Basal area status: not applicable
Metadata
Sample no: 4379
Contributor no: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2023-11-27 14:51:24
Modified: 2023-11-27 04:01:28
Abundance distribution
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts. Values are logged.
Statistics
6 species
1 singleton
total count 132
geometric series index: 8.8
Fisher's α: 1.295
geometric series k: 0.4529
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.3496
Shannon's H: 0.7815
Good's u: 0.9925
Register
| †Palaeoloxodon antiquus (elephant) | 105 | |
| "Elephas antiquus": plus 3 "cf. Elephas" | ||
| †Equus torralbae (horse) | 6 | |
| "Equus caballus torralbae": see Boulbes and van Asperen (2020, in Bernor et al.); plus 1 "cf. Equus" | ||
| †Stephanorhinus hemitoechus (narrow-nosed rhinoceros) | 1 | |
| "Dicerorhinus hemitoechus" | ||
| Cervus elaphus (red deer) | 6 | |
| plus 18 "Cervus" | ||
| Dama cf. dama (European fallow deer) | 12 | |
| plus 3 "cf. Dama" and 9 "Cervidae indet." | ||
| †Bos primigenius (aurochs) | 2 | |
| plus 15 Bos or Bison | ||