Mass: 75 kg based on Clauss et al. 2008 and Bundy et al. 1991

Diet: herbivore based on Sparrowe and Springer 1970

Abundance: 0.03 to 93.75% (median 17.05%)

Latitudinal range: -17.1° to 56.8°

Habitats: (76), boreal forest/taiga (5), desert/xeric shrubland (3), mangrove (2), temperate broadleaf/mixed forest (22), tropical/subtropical coniferous forest (2), tropical/subtropical dry broadleaf forest (15), tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest (2), tropical/subtropical savanna (3), tropical/subtropical wetland (1)

Found in 131 samples

Canada: Lindsay, Canadian National Railway (spring), Canadian National Railway (summer), Keffer (Midden 57, screened) (Holocene), Keffer (Midden 57, floated) (Holocene), Irving-Johnston (Holocene), Spillsbury Bay (Holocene), Caverne de la Mine (upper infill) (Holocene), Winefred Lake, EMEND site (retention level 100%, replicate 1), EMEND site (retention level 100%, replicate 2), EMEND site (retention level 100%, replicate 3), St. Brieux (winter 2011), St. Brieux (spring 2012), Roussillon, Québec, Algar

Colombia: Palmar de Altamira (bosque), Palmar de Altamira (sabana), Palmar de Altamira (palmar 2009), Palmar de Altamira (palmar 2011-2012), Laguna del Petrolero, Aguazuque Occupation 1 (Holocene)

Costa Rica: San Juan-La Selva Biological Corridor

Ecuador: Refugio de Vida Silvestre Marina y Costera Pacoche, Pirincay (Early) (Holocene), Pirincay (Transition) (Holocene), Pirincay (Late) (Holocene), La Chimba (Holocene), Challuahamba (Holocene)

Guatemala: Chivacabé (Late Pleistocene)

Honduras: Rio Sikre

Mexico: La Reserva Natural Sierra Nanchititla, Estación Científica Las Joyas, Tolistoque (dry season), Tolistoque (rainy season), Abra-Tanchipa Biosphere Reserve (survey 1), Huasabas-Sahuaripa Region, Ajos, Madera West, Pastorías (lluvias), Pastorías (secas), San Juan Bautista Cuicatlân (lluvias), San Juan Bautista Cuicatlân (secas), Reserva de la Biosfera La Encrucijada (secas), Reserva de la Biosfera La Encrucijada (lluvias), La Playa (Holocene), Schroeder Site (Structure 1) (Holocene), Sierra Region (secondary forest), Sierra Region (oil palm), Santa Marta rock-shelter (Holocene), Cerro Portezuelo (Holocene)

Panama: Ecoparque Panama

Peru: Querocoto (dry season), Cerro Baùl (Holocene), Huaca Colorada (Zone A) (Holocene)

United States: Salt Pond Mountain, Haw River, Rocky River, Richlands, Fayette County, Raleigh-Durham, North of the Michigamme Reservoir, Kleberg County, Longview Lake and Warrensburg, Davis Mountain Preserve, The Wilds, Daniel Boone Field Station (agricultural), Daniel Boone Field Station (riparian), Blue Grass Army Depot, Ardis (Late Pleistocene), Vess Cave (Late Pleistocene), Saber-tooth Cave (Late Pleistocene), Golf Course (Late Pleistocene), Ripplemead (Late Pleistocene), Bluegrass (macro) (Holocene), Bluegrass (micro) (Holocene), Dust Cave (Zones T and U) (Holocene), McKinley Site (Zone A) (Holocene), McKinley Site (Zone B) (Holocene), Angel Site (Subdivision W10D) (Holocene), Taddlock (Holocene), Steck (Holocene), Fort Center Mound A (Holocene), McLelland (Holocene), Joe Clark (Holocene), Croley-Evans (Holocene), Deadman Slough (Excavation Unit) (Holocene), Sucices Site (Excavation Square 2) (Holocene), Watson Brake (6.4 mm fraction) (Holocene), Cadwalader (Holocene), Mykut Rockshelter (Holocene), Black Cat Cave (interior) (Holocene), Black Cat Cave (Test Unit 1) (Holocene), Harris Creek (Holocene), Weber I (Middle Archaic) (Holocene), Weber I (Late Archaic) (Holocene), Garden Creek Mound No. 2 (Holocene), Hobson Site (Holocene), Edwin Harness Mound (Holocene), Hale Farm (Holocene), Itasca Bison Site (Holocene), Guard (Holocene), Prison Farm (Holocene), Pine Hill (Holocene), Otter Creek No. 2 (Zone 3) (Holocene), Cole Gravel Pit (Holocene), Sachsen Cave Shelter (Holocene), Scovill (Holocene), Taylor Bayou (north bank) (Late Pleistocene), Hosterman's Pit (Holocene), Robinson Cave (Late Pleistocene), Meyer Cave (Holocene), Polecat Creek (alluvial gravel) (Late Pleistocene), Polecat Creek (black earth) (Holocene), Bootlegger Sink (Pleistocene - Holocene), Schulze Cave (layer B) (Holocene), Schulze Cave (layer C1) (Late Pleistocene), Schulze Cave (layer C2) (Late Pleistocene), Natural Chimneys (Late Pleistocene), Box Elder Creek (Holocene), Flagg Swamp Rockshelter (Archaic) (Holocene), Bull Neck Swamp Research Forest, Trail of Tears State Forest, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (logs, feature), Bogue Chitto Creek (Late Pleistocene), West of US 287, Granite Cave (Holocene), Cumberland Cave (Middle Pleistocene), Inglis 1C (Early Pleistocene), Quitaque Creek (Late Pleistocene), Slaton Quarry (Middle Pleistocene)

body mass	66100 kg	N = 2	Clauss et al. 2008
♀ body mass	64300 kg	N = 23	Bundy et al. 1991
♂ body mass	88800 kg	N = 24	Bundy et al. 1991
♂ ear length	155 mm	N = 11	Hoffmeister 1962
♂ hind foot length	400 mm	N = 3	Hoffmeister 1962
♂ hind foot length	408 mm	N = 5	Hoffmeister 1962
♂ hind foot length	383 mm	N = 11	Hoffmeister 1962
♂ tail length	170 mm	N = 3	Hoffmeister 1962
♂ tail length	215 mm	N = 7	Hoffmeister 1962
♂ tail length	204 mm	N = 3	Hoffmeister 1962
♀ total body length	1464 mm	N = 23	Bundy et al. 1991
♂ total body length	1563 mm	N = 24	Bundy et al. 1991
♂ total body length	1416 mm	N = 3	Hoffmeister 1962
♂ total body length	1447 mm	N = 7	Hoffmeister 1962
♂ total body length	1350 mm	N = 11	Hoffmeister 1962

See also Odocoileus, Odocoileus hemionus, Odocoileus lucasi, Odocoileus salinae, Odocoileus sp.